Cleaning Your
Pool Water
Pollution in pool water comes either from the environment or is
carried into the water by the swimmers. Environmental pollution
includes dust, leaves, chemical wastes, pollen, spores, bacteria and
so on, that are blown into the water by the wind. Swimmers carry
other pollutants into the water: sweat, suntan oils, urine,
bacteria, viruses, etc.
Every swimming pool has a circulation pump and filter. The
filters most common these days are sand filters, and are much easier
to maintain than the earlier diatomaceous filters of a few years
back. The pool pump ensures that the swimming pool water moves
through the filter every day, thus removing unwanted pollutants and
disinfected organic materials as quickly as possible.
Other common pool filters include DE (diatomaceous earth)
filters, which are able to filter out finer particles of dirt,
though they require more maintenance. Cartridge filters are also
quite widespread and are quite simple to maintain. Nowadays a filter
sand substitute containing zeolite is
gaining in popularity. The zeolite (specifically the clinoptilolite
mineral) is able to filter particles as finely as DE filters in
addition to having a capacity to absorb ammonia and its complexes
(reducing combined chlorine and offensive chlorine odours), while
not requiring any extra maintenance.
Generally, the swimming pool pump should run
for at least 6 - 8 hours each day. There is usually a timer
which cycles the pool pump on and off to ensure this constant
filtration. The circulation of pool water will remove floating or
suspended particles of dirt from the water, but has no effect on the
substances which have settled to the bottom of the swimming pool or
"stuck" to the walls.
Depending on the environmental conditions and swimmer load, the
swimming pool needs regular brushing and
vacuuming, generally about once a week in the swimming season
for home pools. With the circulation pump turned off, the walls and
floor of the pool are swept with a stiff brush. When the
"dust" from the brushing settles, it is vacuumed off the
floor of the swimming pool. The pool must also be vacuumed after
treating with a flocculant. Nowadays, there is a variety of
automatic swimming pool cleaners, which suck the dirt off the walls
and floor of the swimming pool whenever the pool pump is running.
These are really great for pool owners who never seem to have the
time for swimming pool chores.
Now that the vacuuming is done, it is time
to backwash the filter. Sand filters trap
dust and dirt, as the name implies, in a bed of sand. When the
filter has accumulated a large amount of dirt, the water cannot pass
freely through the sand and the filter loses efficiency as the
pressure increases. Backwashing sends water backwards through the
filter and flushes the trapped dirt out. After backwashing, you will
notice an increase in return pressure to the pool, and if you have a
pressure guage, you should notice an increase of at least 0,5 bar.
With the pool pump off, turn the filter setting to
"backwash". Remove the leaf basket from the weir, clean
and replace it. Turn on the pump and let it run until the water
coming out of the waste pipe is clear. This generally needs a few
minutes. Turn off the pump and set the filter to rinse; this cleans
out the pipes and prevents any dirt from returning to the pool. It
also settles the sand in the filter which has been stirred up by the
backwashing. Run the pump for about a minute and then turn it off.
Set the filter to "closed". Open the leaf trap near the
pump, remove the basket and clean out all the leaves, twigs and
rubbish it may have collected. Replace the basket, set the filter to
"filter" and turn your pump back to its automatic (timer)
operating position.
Great! The swimming pool looks clean and the filter has been
rejuvenated. Now it's time to test the pool water and adjust the pH
and chlorine levels.
If your swimming pool needs topping up, now is the ideal time to
put the hose in the pool. It is very healthy for the swimming pool
water to be replaced bit by bit, to prevent it becoming stale and
creating chemical problems or pool water problems. A routine of
5-minute backwashing followed by a 1-minute rinse every week will
ensure that you replace about 5% of the swimming pool water each
month. This means a complete changeover of swimming pool water
approximately every 2 years.
REMEMBER too, that the useful lifespan
of the sand in your filter is 3-5 years. If you neglect to change
the sand, your filter will not be able to remove the finer particles
of dirt and your swimming pool can never be completely clean. Have
the pool filter opened for inspection at least every 2 years to
avoid filtration problems.
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